1. Core Functional Components
1.1 Injection Unit
【表格】
Component Name Functional Description Material/Standard Common Failures
Screw Melts and conveys plastic to the mold. Types include gradual, abrupt, and universal. Nitrided steel (38CrMoAlA), surface hardness ≥950HV Wear, corrosion, thread fracture
Barrel Heats and maintains plastic in a molten state. Inner wall coated with chrome (Cr) or bimetallic layer. 45# steel base + alloy layer (H13 or Stellite) Inner wall scratches, uneven heating, material leakage
Check Ring Prevents melt backflow. Works with the screw tip. P20 tool steel, heat-treated to 50-54HRC Wear causing material leakage, unstable injection pressure
Nozzle Connects barrel to mold runner, controls melt flow. Beryllium copper (C17200) or H13 steel, high-temperature corrosion-resistant Blockage, wear, temperature control failure
1.2 Clamping Unit
【表格】
Component Name Functional Description Material/Standard Common Failures
Moving Platen Supports the moving mold, connected to hydraulic cylinders. Ductile iron QT500-7, chrome-plated surface Deformation, guide post wear
Fixed Platen Supports the fixed mold, connected to the machine frame. A3 steel welded structure, strength grade ≥S355 Cracks, parallelism deviation
Tie Bars Transmits clamping force, maintains platen parallelism. 42CrMo4 alloy steel, prestressed Tensile deformation, surface corrosion
Clamp Cylinder Provides clamping/opening power. Seals are prone to wear. Cylinder body: 45# seamless steel pipe; piston: 20CrMnTi Leakage, crawling, seal aging
1.3 Hydraulic System
【表格】
Component Name Functional Description Material/Standard Common Failures
Hydraulic Pump Supplies pressurized oil. Common types: variable displacement piston pumps (e.g., Rexroth A4VSO). Cast iron pump body + steel gears/pistons Noise, pressure fluctuations, leakage
Proportional Valve Controls hydraulic flow/pressure (e.g., injection speed, holding pressure). Valve body: stainless steel (304/316); coil: 120℃ temperature-resistant Sticking, zero drift, coil burnout
Seals Prevents hydraulic oil leakage. Includes O-rings, U-cups, and composite seals. Nitrile rubber (NBR, -30℃~+120℃) or fluororubber (FKM, -20℃~+200℃) Hardening, cracking, extrusion
Filter Element Filters hydraulic oil. Precision typically 10μm (NAS 6 grade). Glass fiber + stainless steel frame Blockage, bypass valve activation