Pump and Reducer for Mixer Truck
Thehydraulic pumpandgear reducerare core power transmission components in concrete mixer trucks, working together to ensure stable operation of the mixing drum. Below is a detailed explanation of their functions, structures, technical parameters, and selection guidelines.
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I. Core Functions
1. Hydraulic Pump
• Power Conversion: Converts mechanical energy from the engine into hydraulic energy to drive the hydraulic motor.
• Pressure & Flow Control: Provides stable high-pressure oil flow (typically ≥35 MPa) to ensure continuous torque output under varying loads.
• Typical Application: Uses variable displacement piston pumps (e.g., Rexroth A4VG series) with automatic displacement adjustment based on drum load for improved energy efficiency.
2. Gear Reducer
• Torque Amplification & Speed Reduction: Converts high-speed, low-torque output from the hydraulic motor into low-speed, high-torque rotation (typically ≥60 kN·m) to drive the mixing drum at 0–14 r/min.
• Support & Leveling: Rigidly connects to the drum via an output flange, bearing 2/3 of the drum’s weight while maintaining a stable installation angle.
• Shock Resistance: Features planetary gear transmission and a self-aligning swing mechanism (swing angle ±3°–±6°) to absorb vibrations and misalignment during vehicle operation.
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II. Structure & Working Principles
1. Hydraulic System Composition
• Power Source: Engine → PTO (Power Take-Off) → Hydraulic Pump.
• Actuator: Hydraulic Pump → Hydraulic Motor → Gear Reducer → Mixing Drum.
• Control Components: Relief valves and directional valves regulate pressure and flow direction.
2. Reducer Internal Structure
• Planetary Gear Transmission: Multi-stage planetary gears (e.g., two-stage NGW planetary train) achieve high reduction ratios (45–144.3) and heavy-duty capacity.
• Flexible Mechanism: Crown gear couplings and self-aligning roller bearings (alignment angle up to 4°) compensate for installation errors and impact deformation.
• Lubrication System: Splash or forced lubrication ensures long-term gear operation under harsh conditions.
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III. Key Technical Parameters
【表格】
Component Typical Specifications
Hydraulic Pump Displacement: 90–180 mL/r; Pressure: 35–40 MPa; Efficiency: ≥90%
Gear Reducer Max. Torque: 24–72 kN·m; Reduction Ratio: 45–144.3; Input Speed: ≤2,500 r/min; Weight: 185–420 kg
Drum Capacity 12–42 m³
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IV. Selection & Matching Guidelines
1. Selection Based on Mixer Truck Capacity
• Small Trucks (8–12 m³): Use HJ240-HJ330 series reducers paired with 90–120 mL/r pumps.
• Large Trucks (16–42 m³): Use HJ400-HJ720 series reducers paired with 160–180 mL/r variable pumps.
2. Work Condition Adaptability
• Heavy-Duty Conditions: Prioritize planetary gear reducers (e.g., Bonfiglioli, PMP) for high shock resistance.
• Frequent Start/Stop: Choose reducers with self-aligning features to extend bearing and gear life.
3. Recommended Brands & Models
• International Brands: Rexroth (A4VG pumps), Bonfiglioli (309R/311R reducers).
• Domestic Brands: HJ series reducers (for 12–42 m³ drums), Lishile A4VG pumps.
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V. Common Failures & Maintenance
1. Hydraulic Pump Failures
• Symptoms: Pressure fluctuations, increased noise.
• Causes: Oil contamination, port plate wear.
• Maintenance: Replace hydraulic oil every 2,000 hours; clean filters.
2. Reducer Failures
• Symptoms: Oil leakage, gear wear, swing mechanism jamming.
• Causes: Seal aging, bearing damage, excessive installation misalignment.
• Maintenance: Inspect seals and bearings; adjust output flange swing angle.
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VI. Industry Trends
• Lightweight Design: Examples include PMB EC series reducers (40% weight reduction, 55% shorter length).
• Integrated Modules: Hydraulic pump + motor + reducer integration reduces installation space and leakage risks.
• Smart Monitoring: Embedded sensors monitor temperature, pressure, and vibration for predictive maintenance.