I. Gear Pump
1. Working Principle
• Positive Displacement Delivery: Fluid is drawn in and discharged through changes in the sealed chamber volume formed by gear meshing. As the driving gear rotates the driven gear, the volume increases in the separation side (suction chamber), creating a vacuum to draw in liquid. On the meshing side (discharge chamber), the volume decreases, forcing liquid out.
• Types:
• External Gear Pump: Simple structure, widely used, but with relatively high flow pulsation (pulsation rate: 5–15%).
• Internal Gear Pump: Uses a crescent-shaped separator to divide suction and discharge chambers, resulting in lower pulsation (1–3%), suitable for low-pulsation applications.
• Helical Gear Pump: Features double-helix gears to further reduce noise and vibration.
2. Structural Features
• Key Components: Gears, shafts, pump body, pump cover, safety valve.
• Material Adaptability:
• Pump Body: Cast iron (general use), stainless steel (304/316L for corrosion resistance), ductile iron.
• Gears: Alloy steel (surface-hardened), stainless steel, engineering plastics.
• Seals: Mechanical seals (high-pressure resistant), packing seals, magnetic drives (leak-free).
• High-Pressure Design: Bearings utilize sliding or needle bearings (load capacity up to 30 MPa), with integral casting of the pump body to enhance deformation resistance.
3. Application Scenarios
• Petrochemical Industry: Lubricant transfer, asphalt dispensing, polymer solution handling.
• Hydraulic Systems: Hydraulic power units, construction machinery (e.g., excavator travel drives), marine steering gear.
• Food & Pharmaceuticals: Honey, syrup, ointment transfer (requires sanitary-grade stainless steel).
• New Energy: Lithium battery slurry mixing, hydrogen fuel cell coolant circulation.
4. Selection Considerations
• Media Characteristics:
• High-viscosity media (>1000 cSt): Prefer external gear pumps, operate at reduced speeds.
• Corrosive media: Select stainless steel pump bodies with fluoroplastic seals.
• Operating Parameters:
• High-pressure applications (>30 MPa): Choose internal gear pumps (pressure rating up to 40 MPa).
• Frequent start-stop cycles: Select models with buffering devices to minimize impact.
• System Integration:
• Inlet pressure must be ≥0.2 MPa to prevent cavitation.
• Outlet piping should include a safety valve to prevent overload and a pulse damper to reduce vibration.
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II. Gear Motor
1. Working Principle
• Power Conversion: Converts high-speed, low-torque input from an electric motor into low-speed, high-torque output via gear reduction. For example, a 1500 RPM motor with a 10:1 reduction ratio outputs 150 RPM while increasing torque by approximately 10x.
• Gear Types:
• Planetary Gear: Compact structure, high load capacity, ideal for precision applications (e.g., robotic arm joints).
• Helical Gear: Smooth transmission, low noise, suitable for medium-to-high-speed applications.
• Worm Gear: Features self-locking capability, used in vertical transmission systems (e.g., elevator door mechanisms).
2. Structural Features
• Modular Design: Integrates motor and gearbox for easy installation and maintenance.
• Protection Class: High IP ratings (e.g., IP65) for outdoor or humid environments.
• Energy Efficiency: Optimized for inverter compatibility, supporting variable frequency control to reduce energy consumption.
3. Application Scenarios
• Industrial Automation: Robotic arm joint drives, material conveyor speed control.
• Automotive Manufacturing: Electric power steering systems (EPS), seat adjustment mechanisms.
• Heavy Machinery: Generator set turning gear, mining equipment travel drives.
• New Energy: Wind turbine pitch systems, solar tracking devices.
4. Selection Considerations
• Load Characteristics:
• High-torque requirements: Select planetary gear motors (high torque density).
• Self-locking needs: Choose worm gear motors.
• Installation Space:
• Compact designs: Opt for coaxial geared motors (e.g., Bauer BG series).
• Right-angle transmission needs: Select worm gear or bevel gear motors.
• Energy Efficiency Requirements:
• Variable frequency drive applications: Choose motors supporting frequency control (e.g., Jiadi Transmission GH-40 series).
• Energy retrofit projects: Select high-efficiency motors paired with high-transmission-efficiency gearboxes.
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III. Core Advantage Comparison
【表格】
Characteristic Gear Pump Gear Motor
Core Function Fluid transfer and pressurization Speed and torque regulation
Efficiency Range 50–70% (affected by media viscosity) 70–90% (affected by gear precision)
Maintenance Cost Replace gears/bearings as needed Regular inspection of gear wear and lubrication status
Typical Failures
Insufficient flow, pressure fluctuations, seal leakage
Abnormal noise, bearing damage, gear collision