1: What is car engine cylinder liner? What role does it play in the engine?
First, the definition and essence of cylinder liner
Many owners may feel strange when they hear "cylinder liner", but it is one of the core components of the engine.
In simple terms, the cylinder liner is a cylindrical part embedded in the engine cylinder block, which is directly matched with the piston, valve and other components to form a space for fuel combustion and energy conversion. It does not exist independently, but is closely combined with the cylinder block, and can be divided into dry cylinder liner and wet cylinder liner according to the structure.
Two, the five core functions of cylinder liner
1. Build combustion space to withstand extreme conditions
When the engine is working, the temperature in the cylinder can reach more than 2000℃, and the pressure is more than 100 atmospheres. The inner wall of the cylinder liner is in direct contact with high temperature and high pressure gas, and must have excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The accuracy of the surface (such as roundness, surface roughness) directly affects the sealing effect of the piston ring, if the accuracy is insufficient, it will lead to gas leakage and reduce the engine power.
2. Auxiliary piston movement, reduce friction loss
The piston does high-speed reciprocating movement in the cylinder liner (the speed can reach 6000 RPM or more), and the lubrication and wear resistance of the inner wall of the cylinder liner are crucial. The original cylinder liner is usually honed to form a fine mesh, which both stores lubricating oil and guides the piston ring to scrape off excess oil, reducing the risk of "cylinder pulling" (severe friction between the piston and the cylinder liner surface causing scratches).
3. Participate in heat dissipation and maintain a reasonable working temperature
For the wet cylinder liner, its outer wall is directly in contact with the coolant, which undertakes about 30% of the engine heat dissipation task; Although the dry liner does not contact the coolant, it conducts heat through a tight fit between the outer wall of the liner and the cylinder block. If the cylinder liner heat dissipation is not good, the engine may overheat, causing "knock" or "cylinder pull".
4. Seal coolant and oil to prevent leakage
The lower part of the wet cylinder liner is usually provided with a rubber seal to prevent coolant from penetrating into the crankcase; The combination of cylinder liner and piston ring prevents the gas in the combustion chamber from escaping into the oil pan. Once the seal fails, it may lead to "oil pan water" or "oil channeling", and cause the engine to be scrapped in serious cases.
5. Support the cylinder structure to extend the life of the body
Aluminum alloy cylinder block (the mainstream material of modern engine) has low hardness, and it is easy to wear the cylinder directly processed. When inlaid with steel or cast iron cylinder liner, the wear resistance of the cylinder is significantly improved and the overall engine life is extended.