How does the Glow plug work in coordination with other engine components?
The efficient operation of the engine Glow plug relies on the precise coordination with multiple components. Through signal interaction and functional collaboration, an organic whole is formed to ensure the engine's start-up and combustion efficiency. The following is the collaborative mechanism of the core components:
1. Sensor: data support and status feedback
The temperature sensor (coolant/intake air/preheating plug body) monitors the temperature in real time. When it is lower than the threshold, it sends a low-temperature signal to the ECU, triggering the Glow plug to start. At the same time, it feeds back the real-time temperature of the Glow plug to help the ECU dynamically adjust the heating power and avoid overheating.
The pressure sensor (intake manifold/exhaust) senses the engine load and combustion status: when the load is low, it prompts the ECU to extend the preheating time; when the exhaust is abnormal, it assists in adjusting the preheating parameters to optimize the combustion efficiency.
2. Engine Control Unit (ECU) : Intelligent decision-making and timing coordination
Before startup: Calculate the target temperature and heating duration based on sensor data (for example, command to heat up to 800℃ within 30 seconds at -10 ℃), and ensure that the air is preheated properly.
Startup: Monitor the status of the Glow plug in real time. If the temperature rises too slowly, increase the current. Delay the fuel injection timing of the fuel injector to avoid incomplete combustion caused by cold fuel injection.
After startup: Based on parameters such as rotational speed and load, the heating intensity after preheating the plug is determined to help the engine quickly enter the optimal working condition, reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
3. Fuel injection system: Efficient matching of temperature and atomization
Preheating triggers fuel injection: After the ECU confirms that the preheating is up to standard, it instructs the fuel injector to inject fuel at the precise time and in the appropriate amount. The high-temperature air accelerates the evaporation of diesel, forming a uniform mixture and enhancing combustion efficiency.
Synergistic optimization of combustion: High fuel injection pressure promotes atomization, combined with a preheated high-temperature environment, reducing carbon deposits and pollutant generation. If either party malfunctions (such as clogged fuel injectors or insufficient preheating), it will lead to combustion deterioration, affecting power and emissions.