Hawthorn Berry

Hawthorn Berry (Shan Zha)
Botanical Name: Crataegus pinnatifida
Common Name: Chinese Hawthorn, Hawthorn Fruit
TCM Name:  Shan Zha

Overview:
Hawthorn berry, known as Shan Zha in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is the dried ripe fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida, a species native to China. It has been used for centuries as a digestive aid and for promoting cardiovascular health. With a sour and slightly sweet taste, it is often included in herbal formulas to relieve food stagnation and support healthy circulation.

Botanical Characteristics:
The hawthorn tree is a small deciduous tree that produces bright red berries in autumn. These berries are harvested when fully ripe and dried for medicinal use. They are rich in organic acids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, which contribute to their therapeutic properties.

Traditional Uses in TCM:

1. Promotes Digestion:
   Commonly used to relieve food stagnation, particularly from overeating fatty or meat-heavy meals. Effective in addressing bloating, abdominal pain, and indigestion.

2. Invigorates Blood Circulation and Dispels Stasis:
   Used to improve blood flow and address conditions like abdominal masses or postpartum pain due to blood stasis.

3. Supports Heart Health:
   Often included in formulas that aim to strengthen heart function and regulate lipid metabolism.

Pharmacological Properties:
Modern research confirms that hawthorn berries have antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and cardiotonic effects. The fruit may help reduce blood cholesterol levels, improve coronary blood flow, and protect heart tissue. It also has demonstrated mild hypotensive and anti-inflammatory actions.

Preparation and Dosage:

• Form: Commonly used in decoctions, powders, teas, or standardized extracts.

• Dosage: Typically 9–15 grams per day in decoction form; dosage may vary based on condition and form of preparation.

Precautions:

• Use with caution in individuals with spleen and stomach deficiency without food stagnation.

• Avoid excessive use during pregnancy.

• Should not be combined with certain cardiac medications without professional guidance.